Lesson 11 of 25

The Art of the Open Question

A question that can be answered yes or no will be answered yes or no. If instead you name the dimensions you want the answer to cover - why, how, in what order, measured against what - the model has to actually do the thinking you were hoping for. The work of opening a question is not adding words; it is deciding in advance what a useful answer would contain.

Reach for it whenWhen you get a confident one-paragraph verdict and realise you cannot act on it, because what you needed was the reasoning, the alternatives and the next step.

An open question is natively what this tool wants - but it has to be opened into researchable parts, not into a request for judgement. Break the one closed question into numbered sub-questions that each have a findable, citable answer, and ask for the comparison and the dates rather than the recommendation. The strategy and history examples work genuinely well this way; the novel-concept example does not, and the honest move there is to use it for the research and generate elsewhere.

Worth knowingIt will not do the synthesis step well. Ask it "so what should I do" and you get a hedged digest of your own sources. Also: a closed question here gets a sourced yes or no, which is sometimes exactly right - if you genuinely want to know whether something is true, do not open the question at all, just ask it.
  • Open the question into numbered, separately citable sub-questions.
  • Ask for the comparison and the dates, not the recommendation.
  • Academic focus for history; Web focus for current local facts.
  • Keep a project's standing context in a Space.
  • For creative generation, research here and write elsewhere.
Example 1: The Closed vs. The Open Door (Business Strategy)

Instead of

Is social media marketing a good choice for my new cafe in Kondapur?

Perplexity version

I am opening an upscale cafe called 'Kondapur Mornings' in Kondapur, Hyderabad, next month, and I need to decide where a small marketing budget goes in the first 90 days. Do not give me a strategy - give me the sourced facts the strategy has to be built on. Answer each of these separately, with sources and dates.

1. Which cafes and coffee chains are currently operating in Kondapur, Gachibowli and HITEC City? Cite listings, local coverage or the businesses' own pages. Note which have opened in the last year, if reported - that tells me how fast this market is churning.
2. What is published about the demographics of this area - the IT corridor workforce, residential profile, working hours? Cite census data, Telangana government sources or credible local reporting. Give the date of each figure.
3. What do the delivery platforms currently charge a new restaurant partner in India - commission, onboarding, advertising? Cite published rates or recent reporting. If the real numbers are negotiated and unpublished, say so plainly rather than quoting a figure from a blog.
4. What are the current rules from GHMC or the Telangana government on signage, outdoor seating, and food business licensing for a cafe? Cite the rule or the official page, with its date. This is the part where wrong information costs money.
5. What published evidence exists on which marketing channels actually drive footfall for neighbourhood food businesses - and specifically, is there any data on Google Business Profile against Instagram for local discovery? Cite studies or industry reports, and separate vendor-published research from independent work, because almost all of it is vendor-published.
6. What recent reporting exists on cafe failure rates and the common reasons in Indian metros? Cite it with dates. I want the base rate before I plan the launch.

Cite everything with dates. Flag any claim you can only source to one place, and tell me which of these you could not answer rather than estimating.

Then take this to a writing tool for the actual 90-day plan. Perplexity will give you the ground truth; it will not give you a good content calendar.
Open Perplexity 2,149 characters
Example 2: From a Simple Fact to Deep Understanding

Instead of

Was the Vijayanagara Empire important?

Perplexity version

I want to understand the Vijayanagara Empire properly. Use Academic focus and answer each of these as a separate sourced question.

1. What is the scholarly account of Vijayanagara's significance in South Indian history - politically, economically, in trade, and in religious patronage? Cite academic sources and name the historians.
2. How does Vijayanagara architecture differ from Hoysala architecture? Compare on materials, plan, scale, ornament and function, with named sites - Hampi against Belur and Halebidu. Cite ASI, museum or academic sources, and give me what scholars say the differences reveal about the two states.
3. What is the evidentiary basis for the account of the Battle of Talikota in 1565? Which primary sources - chronicles, Persian accounts, inscriptions - and how reliable do historians consider each? This is the question I most want sourced, because the popular account is vivid and the evidence is thinner than the vividness suggests.
4. Where do historians actively disagree about this empire? I am specifically interested in the dispute over its religious character and the dispute over whether the post-1565 decline was sudden or already underway. Cite both sides.
5. Which claims about Vijayanagara circulate widely online but are not supported by scholarship? Troop numbers at Talikota, population figures for the city, and dates of specific structures are the ones I suspect. Cite the correction where one exists.
6. What has changed in Vijayanagara scholarship in the last two decades - excavations, re-datings, revised interpretations? Cite with dates, so I know whether an older book I pick up is still current.

For each answer, separate what primary sources state from what modern historians infer. Where a figure is contested, give the range and who argues for what. Name the authors and works I should read - with real citations I can verify, which is the one thing you can give me here that the other tools cannot reliably.
Open Perplexity 1,967 characters
Example 3: Seeking a Spark vs. a Bonfire of Creativity

Instead of

Is a historical fiction novel a good idea?

Perplexity version

Do not brainstorm the novel concepts here. Inventing five original premises is generative work, and this tool will hand you summaries of books that already exist, with citations, which is worse than useless - it looks like ideation and is actually a reading list. Generate the concepts in Claude, ChatGPT or Gemini.

What Perplexity does that they cannot: tell you whether the book is viable before you spend six months on it. I am planning a historical novel set at the peak of the Kakatiya dynasty in Telangana - the Rudrama Devi and Prataparudra period. Research these, each separately, with sources and dates.

1. What is actually documented about the Kakatiya period - inscriptions, archaeology, contemporary accounts? Which aspects of daily life, irrigation, trade and temple patronage are well evidenced, and which are nearly blank? Use Academic focus and cite the scholarship. The blank areas are where a novelist has freedom; the evidenced areas are where I will be caught out.
2. What is the scholarly position on Rudrama Devi specifically - what is documented, what is legend, and where do historians disagree? Cite it. If I build a novel on a popular account that scholars reject, a reviewer will say so.
3. What historical fiction already exists set in this dynasty or this region, in English and in Telugu? Cite the books and any reviews. I need to know what I would be sitting next to on the shelf.
4. What have Indian English-language publishers acquired and published in historical fiction recently, as far as is publicly reported? Cite with dates. Separate reported deals from speculation.
5. What do reviewers and critics say goes wrong in Indian historical fiction - the recurring criticisms? Cite the reviews. I would rather know the failure modes before writing than after.
6. Which museums, archives and inscription collections hold Kakatiya material, and what is accessible to a non-academic researcher? Cite the institutions and their stated access policies.

Cite everything. Where you cannot find something, say so rather than offering a plausible substitute - and if a source you cite is a single blog post, tell me that is what it is.

Save this in a Space for the novel so the context carries across follow-up questions. Then take answers 1, 2 and 5 into a writing tool as the brief for generating concepts. "Here is what is documented, here is what is blank, here is what reviewers punish" is a far better brief than "is a historical novel a good idea".
Open Perplexity 2,484 characters